Sustainable Seminar Paper

Sustainable Retailing Slide Presentation

Green Building Index

Green Building Index (GBI) can be defines as design and construction practices that significantly reduce, or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and its occupants with regard to site planning; safeguarding water use and water use efficiency; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy; conserving materials and resources; and promoting indoor environmental quality. Green Buildings are high performance structures that also meet certain standards for reducing natural resource consumption.

“Green” or “Sustainable” buildings are characterized by:

• Efficient management of energy and water resources
• Management of material resources and waste
• Restoration and protection of environmental quality
• Enhancement and protection of health and indoor environmental quality
• Reinforcement of natural systems
• Analysis of the life cycle costs and benefits of materials and methods
• Integration of the design decision-making process 

Green Building standards include:

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
• Green Globes
• Model Green Home building Guidelines
• Built Green
• Energy Star
• Living Building

Below is the Diamond Building in Putrajaya awarded as first building in Malaysia implement GBI.

Renewable Energy and Resources

Renewable energy is energy which can be obtained from natural resources that can be constantly replenished. Renewable energy technologies include technologies that use or enable the use of one or more renewable energy sources. Types of renewable energy technologies include:

• bio-energy
• geothermal energy
• hydro-power
• ocean energy
• solar energy
• wind energy

Renewable energy technologies also include hybrid and related technologies. For example technologies that:

• Store energy generated using renewable energy
• Predict renewable energy supply
• Assist in the delivery of energy generated using renewable energy technologies to energy consumers.

Below is the picture example of renewable energy (Solar, Wind and Hydro power)

Traffic Impact Assessment for Sustainable

 A traffic impact analysis is a study which assesses the effects that a particular development’s traffic will have on the transportation network in the community. These studies vary in their range of detail and complexity depending on the type, size and location of the development. Traffic impact studies should accompany developments which have the potential to impact the transportation network. They are important in assisting public agencies in making land use decisions. These studies can be used to help evaluate whether the development is appropriate for a site and what type of transportation improvements may be necessary.


Below is example of TIA map of roads and calculation.

Traffic impact studies help communities to:

• Forecast additional traffic associated with new development, based on accepted practices.
• Determine the improvements that are necessary to accommodate the new development.
• Assist communities in land use decision making.
• Assist in allocating scarce resources to areas which need improvements
• Identify potential problems with the proposed development which may influence the  developer’s decision to pursue it.
• Allow the community to assess the impacts that a proposed development may have.
• Help to ensure safe and reasonable traffic conditions on streets after the development is complete.
• Reduce the negative impacts created by developments by helping to ensure that the transportation network can accommodate the development. 
• Provide direction to community decision makers and developers of expected impacts. 
• Protect the substantial community investment in the street system.

Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable tourism can be defined as tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place-its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents. For a destination to develop sustainably organizations must adopt business strategies and activities that meet the needs of the enterprise and its stakeholders today while protecting, sustaining , and enhancing human and natural resources into the future. Sustainable Development Lab (APA) said that Planning for sustainability requires a systematic, integrated approach that brings together the environmental,economic and social goals and actions directed toward the four sustainability objectives for a community.

• Reduce dependence upon fossil fuels, underground  metals, and minerals.
• Reduce dependence upon synthetic chemicals and other     unnatural substances.
• Reduce encroachment upon nature.
• Meet human needs fairly & efficiently.

Key of sustainable characteristic include;

• Capacities to understand and analyze the problems, 

• Partnering with Different resources / Organizations to find solutions, 

• Using local resources for local solutions, 

• Involving the whole community and all stakeholders with Comprehensive Participation,

• Negotiation and consensus-building from within, 

• Ability to Incorporate and adopt external resources within local contexts, 

• Respect of historical and contemporary issues. 

Governance and Sustainability

Governance can be defined as :

“The traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised” – Kaufman et al

The way “ … power is exercised through a country’s economic, political, and social institutions.” – the World Bank’s PRSP Handbook.

“The exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels.  It comprises mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations, and mediate their differences.”  –  UNDP.

Sustainable governance can be achieved in four ways;

 Management oversight

Structure; Recognize and manage risk

Decision-making
Context;  Relevance;  Rights of shareholders; Interests of stakeholders;  Timeliness;  Inclusiveness;  Transparency.

Integrity in reporting
Materiality; Timely and balanced disclosure; Clarity;  Neutrality;  Accuracy;  Audit ability

Encourage enhanced performance
Remunerate fairly;   Providing indicators of performance.

Planning For Sustainale Development

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development can be defined in separated ways. Development is the transformation from one level to another can enrich people's lives so it's better and diverse in material and cultural aspects, the rational and the other. Sustainable as an attempt to explain the necessary balance between economic growth and conservation of the natural environment. Sutainable development it is the process of creating a balance between economic development, community development, and ecological development. It is also a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. There are 3 key points for sustainable development

• Sustainable sources of non-renewable
• Restoration of the biosphere 
• The creation of a better society

Dimensions of Sustainable Development in Malaysia, 3 dimensions / components that interact with each other
1. Economy
Basic and profound aspects of
2. Social
Cast of characters (people), community
3. Environment
Natural resources, human capital, the largest effect

Dimensions of Sustainable Development in Malaysia 

1. Economy using a minimum of resources for economic activity or industry to get maximum results in building a sustainable economic development
2. Social
Everyone involved and work together in a healthy life in order to achieve a high quality of life

3. Environment

Although to achieve rapid development in economic and social aspects, should also maintain a natural environment for the supply of the resources used by the industry and the economy and good for human life

Universal Design

Universal design (UD) refers to the design of products and environments to be usable by all the users without any specific modifications to the design. The concept of UD is to facilitate all the consumers through product development, communication, and development environment that can be used by more users without or minimal cost. Something is said to meet the criteria of ud is a value innovation, working to solve the problem of quality, ergonomic and environmentally (ecologically). Below is picture that shown example of Universal Design.

The cup holders are perfect for Physical Handicapped one hand

 Products that do not clutter the area and easy to carry.

The clipper Pizza

Hangers and lighting installers

Sophisticated kitchen cabinets

Economic Cities and Region

City, region and economic cannot been separated. Strenght of city economic will give more economic develoment to the city so that can more evolve and getting bigger. Economic are have a strong connection with human settlement since early civilization. Start with small settlement which is have a trade between small settlement and create a new big city that combination between small settlement. This scenario also are related to modern time including Malaysia. Economic in certain area are evolve and booming and make that area are bigger and sprawl into another area. Such as in Kuala Lumpur we can see Kuala Lumpur are the city build not only by K.L but also support from Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Ampang and other area that make K.L be Metropolis in Malaysia. This scenario also invite urbanization process that attaract people to come and work in the city.

Figure above shown the Malaysia Spatial Plan in Rancangan Fizikal Negara. This plan is purpose to make all region in Malaysia especially in peninsular can have same amount of economic development. So this RFN is the primary book for the goverment and planner to plan anything in the region in peninsular. This RFN also is subject to make more equitable distribution of economic in Malaysia peninsular.

Creative City

Creative city nowadays is a new approach to interpret in the town planning principle. Actually creative city principle are using in western country long ago to change their city to be creative city. Term of creative city actually are purpose to make city mo sustainable and to change a city from concrete jungle to live city with exploitation all element in the city and use the existing element to build the strength to the city. The element such as physical, art, economy and social. Normally creative city are more focused to existing situation adn scenario in the city.

Examples of creative city;

City of Film : Sydney

City of Literatur : Edinburgh

City of Design : Kobe

City of Media Arts : Lyon

City of Craft : Incheon

Penang also are plan to becoming one of the creative city. From Khazanah National Report Penang will be one of the Expert city which means have so many great people living in there. But the implementation of  this creative city would like to discriminate some people. Penang want to be expert city with full of professional living in the island and non professional are recognized to stay outsides island example all factory will move to Batu Kawan and only R&D in Bayan Lepas. So only expert people living in Penang. So this is discriminate to non professional people. Implementation of creative city need to look to all party so that sustainable can interpret to all people.

Socio-Economic Dimensions in Development

Development in the country are related with the good economy. Good economy will give good and many development in the country. Example we can see in the develop country such as Group Of Eight (G8), almost of these G8 Country have a good and great economy. Country like Japan, Germany, United Kingdom as we know is the high profile country with a good economy and have so many development. Even they develop their own country, others country especially from third world country borrow money from G8 country using for development in their country. But if we look in develop country in G8 we not only development only implication in physical development but also we can see development in their people minded as first class thinking.

 

 Good development not only base from have good standard in economy and have many development but effort to reduce socioeconomic gap between people in urban and rural. Despite achieve good economy standard and make so many development for people is one of the sustainable economy. But effort to create one community which is have an balance socioeconomic especially in the country are more to focused. This is so important in order to give every people from country which are from urban and rural area can enjoying the same amount of economy prosperity.

Sustainable Communities

Community is defined as a group of people with a sense of belonging for one another who reside in a geographical place. A sustainable community has the capacity for individuals, groups, and organization to take root, grows and endure for the long term. It is the capacities to be generative and enduring and to sustain a dynamic balance between them. Sustainable community is really important to create healthy community between people and environment. One of the character is to design a town, building, plan etc walkabilty to achieve good public health. Planner needs to plan a development especially residential area with recreation space, parks and sports hall. This development is not only to make people more healthy but also can interact people when their using the same recreation place to play some sports. Also the design needs to include many trees so that area can be more greener.

Building that will build in the society must be design people friendly and looks comfort ability with community examples like parking space, school, sidewalks and etc. this interaction between people in community can create strong community not only in healthy but also in education when the people have an good healthy community and life so their thinking is also increased cause of social interaction between communities not only in the cities but also connection between rural and urban communities so can make more smart people in community. One of the issue that can give a problem to create  sustainable community is social networking. Nowadays people just interact in their social web and they created community in that network. This people wont go to make true social interact outside their home but just only sitting in front their laptop just to chat with their community. This scenario are the biggest threats for sustainable community because this social network have pro and contra in term of interaction. This scenario also can make people now are lazy go to recreation area socialized with other people. If they come to recreation area they just use their mobile phone from start till finish. So this issue needs to solve to achieve success in sustainable community.

Sustainable Production and Consumption

What is sustainable production and consumption (SPC)? ok before we discuss more we need to know meaning of SPC. Sustainable production and consumption is the creation of sevices and related products, which is respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimising the use of natural resource and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as not to jeopardise the needs the future generation (UNEP, 2012).

From the picture above we can see the SPC cycle that are implement in many sector. SPC in term of development in important thing to achieve sustainable development. SPC keyword is recycle which means we can use recycle item so we are not waste so many natural resource to produce new item. Example in term of landscaping, planners can use recycle item in planning a landscape garden. With use all of the recycle item planners not only minimising natural resources but also can amulet the budget because use the recycle item in the plan. Below is the example picture landscaping with recycle items. architecture landscape can replace many material with alternative item especially recycle item to keep natural resources maintain and not to use them without control.

Old tyre use as flower pots, if all landscaping architecture used old tyre as a pots they can avoid this tyre from disposed by burning which is can give negative impact for air pollution.

Aluminium waste as a chair to replace woods can save many tree become deforestation.

Drink bottle build as gateway have same story like woods as a gateway.

Wood dust as floor acces

*Credit to http://rahsiataman.com

Environmental Conservation for better planning

Exploration of forest for development nowadays is a big issue. These situation showing that humans really need so many residential, estate plantation, industrial area and also deforestation that using so many forest space. This issue need to take serious attention for planners in order to continue sustainable planning idea which is not only plan for human but also for environment and all its contents. Scenarios now seems that people or developer make development randomly so that green area percent are decreased every year and can vanished in the future. 

 

For example planning scenario in Malaysia nowadays, many mega project was planned and build in sensitive area especially in forest, high rise and also in coastal area. Development like this always based on profit orientation only which is their buyers target is from outsiders like Singaporean, Hong Kong, China, Australian and Japanese, impact from government 'Malaysia My Second Home' slogan MM2H. In this case the roles of government should be more firm in dealing with uncontrolled development of this increasingly uncontrolled. While each of this development before start is already come out with various studies such as EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) and SI (Soil Investigation) but development restriction should be there because there are law of nature will change.

This scenario is not only Planners to solve and know it but also for Developers, Politician, Engineers, Architect and others profession need to seat down together to think and discuss to get a better solution for this issue. Development for human is good but development for human without care about others and scarifies environment for development cannot be accepted. This issue is not only for residential and housing development but also for, estate plantation, industrial, tourism and any kind development that effect environment. Agriculture can make in the city, industrial can run at residential area with increasing  more mix used development. Many solution can plan and be thinking for future. Good development is develop area without effected original area but improve that area.

Demographic trends, process, and transformation.

According to Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, demographic is the scientific study of human populations in primarily with the respect to their size, their structure (composition) and their development (change). So at this point demographic is all about human population in some area, about the movement and the size of population. In Malaysia demographic process was started in early 20th century and until now. But for better future planning, demographic trends need to be sustainable result.

 

 In Malaysia demographic are change every year and we can see the change before independent and until now. These situation are depends too many factor that give impact to demographic. As we know, Malaysia now have 27 million population in 2010 and this number will increased to achieve 70 million people in the year 2020. We can said more develop a country more highest their quality of life. In this situation we can see that japan in the earlier 50s until 90s was a develop country and create more urbanization. They also have a highest quality of live so their population are increased but nowadays japan demographic has big changed. Japan now is one of develop country in the world and have strong economic base but their population is decreased and surprised their old people is more than young people. Japan have advantage in their quality of life but the cost of living especially in the greater Tokyo is very high so if a couple married they only want to have one or two children because of cost of living in japan is really high.

This have big difference in Malaysia which is have a positive in demographic. Since independent Malaysia population always increased until now. The main reason is government factor that want to achieve a goal to have big population towards 2020. Also Malaysia have big scale of migration especially migration for work. People from Bangladesh, Indonesian, Vietnamese, Nepal, Philippines and others comes to Malaysia to get a job. Urbanization also one of demographic trends, example National Physical Plan are plans to develop some area with a big city in north peninsular, east coast peninsular and southern peninsular. This plan also plans to build more industries that provided more job opportunities and attract people to migrate not only outsiders but also Malaysian. When economic are stabilize in Malaysia the birth rate are increased and demographic in Malaysia has changed every year. But in Malaysia, Demographic scenario is not only depend to economic factor because in 1997 when Malaysia facing economy recession birth rate in Malaysia still increased. So if some country still are in develop era their population still growth and effect to that country demographic. Maybe in the future demographic trends will change into new factor that effect to population growth.

Contribution of city development strategies as a strategic urban planning approach toward sustainable development

Sustainable development is really need nowadays not only in Malaysia but also another country. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability to meet future needs. To achieve this sustainable development, many way or method are using and one of this method is City Development Strategies (CDS).

A City Development Strategy is a tool that helps a city harness the potential of urbanization. It also enables a city to develop a coordinated, institutional framework to make the most of opportunities. And, perhaps most importantly, a CDS gives residents a chance to have a voice in the future of the place where they live.

The Cities Alliance supports cities in preparing city development strategies that link their economic growth and poverty reduction objectives, often including citywide slum upgrading strategies. Urban poverty is one of the key issues to be solved in achieving sustainable development. This is because poverty will bring other problems in the city such as squatters and crime. So CDS are required in this situation to apply for achieving goal.

For example CDS already use at Douala Cameroon to reduce poverty in urban area. Poverty in Douala create so many problems such as squatters, crime, jobless and these three problem are related each other which means are caused by poverty. People are jobless and they build squatters and when they don’t have a money the make a crime like robbery or as a snatchers to their live. So all kind of this thing is not good for future and for solution CDS are implement as strategic urban planning approach to achieve sustainable development.